diff --git a/src/layout.js b/src/layout.js
index 649a4b6..be7353d 100644
--- a/src/layout.js
+++ b/src/layout.js
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ const LABEL_TIE_CLASSES = new Set(["power", "ground", "bus"]);
 const DEFAULT_RENDER_MODE = "schematic_stub";
 const ROTATION_STEPS = [0, 90, 180, 270];
 const MIN_CHANNEL_SPACING_STEPS = 2;
+const LANE_ORDER = ["power", "clock", "signal", "analog", "ground", "bus", "differential"];
 
 function toGrid(value) {
   return Math.round(value / GRID) * GRID;
@@ -375,8 +376,42 @@ function connectivityDegree(model) {
   return deg;
 }
 
+function refLaneProfiles(model) {
+  const profiles = new Map(model.instances.map((inst) => [inst.ref, { total: 0, byClass: {} }]));
+  for (const net of model.nets ?? []) {
+    const netClass = String(net.class ?? "signal");
+    const refs = [...new Set((net.nodes ?? []).map((n) => n.ref))];
+    for (const ref of refs) {
+      const p = profiles.get(ref);
+      if (!p) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      p.total += 1;
+      p.byClass[netClass] = (p.byClass[netClass] ?? 0) + 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const out = new Map();
+  for (const [ref, profile] of profiles.entries()) {
+    const ranked = Object.entries(profile.byClass).sort((a, b) => {
+      if (a[1] !== b[1]) {
+        return b[1] - a[1];
+      }
+      return (NET_CLASS_PRIORITY[a[0]] ?? 99) - (NET_CLASS_PRIORITY[b[0]] ?? 99);
+    });
+    const dominantClass = ranked[0]?.[0] ?? "signal";
+    const laneIndex = Math.max(0, LANE_ORDER.indexOf(dominantClass));
+    out.set(ref, {
+      dominantClass,
+      laneIndex,
+      profile
+    });
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
 function placeGroup(model, group, start, context) {
-  const { rank, degree, instanceByRef, respectLocks } = context;
+  const { rank, degree, instanceByRef, respectLocks, laneProfiles } = context;
   const refs = [...group.members].sort((a, b) => a.localeCompare(b));
   const cols = rankColumnsForRefs(refs, rank);
   const colOrder = [...cols.keys()].sort((a, b) => a - b);
@@ -409,6 +444,11 @@ function placeGroup(model, group, start, context) {
 
   for (const col of colOrder) {
     const refsInCol = [...(cols.get(col) ?? [])].sort((a, b) => {
+      const la = laneProfiles.get(a)?.laneIndex ?? 2;
+      const lb = laneProfiles.get(b)?.laneIndex ?? 2;
+      if (la !== lb) {
+        return la - lb;
+      }
       const da = degree.get(a) ?? 0;
       const db = degree.get(b) ?? 0;
       if (da !== db) {
@@ -417,8 +457,19 @@ function placeGroup(model, group, start, context) {
       return a.localeCompare(b);
     });
 
-    let yCursor = start.y;
+    const byLane = new Map();
     for (const ref of refsInCol) {
+      const lane = laneProfiles.get(ref)?.laneIndex ?? 2;
+      const list = byLane.get(lane) ?? [];
+      list.push(ref);
+      byLane.set(lane, list);
+    }
+
+    let yCursor = start.y;
+    const laneSequence = [...byLane.keys()].sort((a, b) => a - b);
+    for (const lane of laneSequence) {
+      const laneRefs = byLane.get(lane) ?? [];
+      for (const ref of laneRefs) {
       const inst = instanceByRef.get(ref);
       if (!inst) {
         continue;
@@ -449,7 +500,9 @@ function placeGroup(model, group, start, context) {
       maxX = Math.max(maxX, x + sym.body.width);
       maxY = Math.max(maxY, y + sym.body.height);
 
-      yCursor = y + sym.body.height + 110;
+      yCursor = y + sym.body.height + 96;
+      }
+      yCursor += 48;
     }
   }
 
@@ -471,6 +524,67 @@ function placeGroup(model, group, start, context) {
   };
 }
 
+function rectForPlacement(model, inst) {
+  const sym = model.symbols[inst.symbol];
+  return {
+    x: inst.placement.x,
+    y: inst.placement.y,
+    w: sym?.body?.width ?? 120,
+    h: sym?.body?.height ?? 80
+  };
+}
+
+function boxesOverlap(a, b, pad = 12) {
+  return !(
+    a.x + a.w + pad <= b.x ||
+    b.x + b.w + pad <= a.x ||
+    a.y + a.h + pad <= b.y ||
+    b.y + b.h + pad <= a.y
+  );
+}
+
+function resolvePlacementOverlaps(model, placedMap, options = {}) {
+  const respectLocks = options.respectLocks ?? true;
+  const refs = [...placedMap.keys()].sort();
+  const iterations = Math.max(1, refs.length * 3);
+
+  for (let pass = 0; pass < iterations; pass += 1) {
+    let moved = false;
+    for (let i = 0; i < refs.length; i += 1) {
+      const aRef = refs[i];
+      const aInst = placedMap.get(aRef);
+      if (!aInst) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const aLocked = respectLocks ? Boolean(aInst.placement.locked) : false;
+      const aBox = rectForPlacement(model, aInst);
+      for (let j = i + 1; j < refs.length; j += 1) {
+        const bRef = refs[j];
+        const bInst = placedMap.get(bRef);
+        if (!bInst) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        const bLocked = respectLocks ? Boolean(bInst.placement.locked) : false;
+        const bBox = rectForPlacement(model, bInst);
+        if (!boxesOverlap(aBox, bBox, 14)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        const target = !aLocked ? aInst : !bLocked ? bInst : null;
+        if (!target) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        const pushY = toGrid(Math.max(aBox.y + aBox.h + 56, bBox.y + bBox.h + 56));
+        target.placement.y = Math.max(target.placement.y, pushY);
+        moved = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!moved) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 function buildNodeNetMap(model) {
   const map = new Map();
   for (const net of model.nets) {
@@ -581,6 +695,7 @@ function placeInstances(model, options = {}) {
   const instances = [...model.instances].sort((a, b) => a.ref.localeCompare(b.ref));
   const { rank } = computeRanks(model);
   const degree = connectivityDegree(model);
+  const laneProfiles = refLaneProfiles(model);
   const instanceByRef = buildInstanceMap(instances);
   const groups = buildConstraintGroups(model, rank);
 
@@ -602,6 +717,7 @@ function placeInstances(model, options = {}) {
     const out = placeGroup(model, group, origin, {
       rank,
       degree,
+      laneProfiles,
       instanceByRef,
       respectLocks
     });
@@ -618,6 +734,7 @@ function placeInstances(model, options = {}) {
 
   applyAlignmentConstraints(placedMap, model.constraints);
   applyNearConstraints(model, placedMap, model.constraints);
+  resolvePlacementOverlaps(model, placedMap, { respectLocks });
 
   return { placed, placedMap };
 }
diff --git a/tests/baselines/ui/dense-analog.png b/tests/baselines/ui/dense-analog.png
index 91bfc6b..e7bdb73 100644
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diff --git a/tests/baselines/ui/explicit-mode-auto-tidy.png b/tests/baselines/ui/explicit-mode-auto-tidy.png
index ef346db..1602532 100644
Binary files a/tests/baselines/ui/explicit-mode-auto-tidy.png and b/tests/baselines/ui/explicit-mode-auto-tidy.png differ
diff --git a/tests/baselines/ui/laptop-viewport.png b/tests/baselines/ui/laptop-viewport.png
index 2c50715..899f554 100644
Binary files a/tests/baselines/ui/laptop-viewport.png and b/tests/baselines/ui/laptop-viewport.png differ
diff --git a/tests/baselines/ui/post-migration-apply.png b/tests/baselines/ui/post-migration-apply.png
index 9d64503..4ba43a6 100644
Binary files a/tests/baselines/ui/post-migration-apply.png and b/tests/baselines/ui/post-migration-apply.png differ
diff --git a/tests/baselines/ui/selected-u2.png b/tests/baselines/ui/selected-u2.png
index 7fae770..e52a329 100644
Binary files a/tests/baselines/ui/selected-u2.png and b/tests/baselines/ui/selected-u2.png differ